Monday, March 27, 2023

JNTUK R20-B.Tech CSE 1-2 Python

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Lab Manual

Hello students, LetsLearningCse.blogspot.com welcomes you to the world of BTech. In this blog post, you are going to enhance some theoretical and technical knowledge regarding Python.

As we all know, Python is a leading high-level language that can be used for various applications.

Why Python?

  • simple and flexible

  • easy to learn.

  • less number of SLOC [source lines of code]

  • Vast libraries support machine learning, data science, deep learning, etc.

  • efficient and quality productivity

  • fast processing

Who invented Python?

On February 20, 1991, Guido van Rossum released the first version of Python.

Now Python is going up to the 3.12 version, advancing and depricating the packages every year. In this blog post, we are providing complete details regarding Python according to the JNTUK R20 syllabus. Each unit was uploaded as a separate link in this post. 

Well! Apart from that, let's discuss some stuff regarding Python. If you want a well-rounded and in-depth explanation, go through the material links. Now I am going to provide just a brief overview of Python programming.

Python is an interpreter language, which means Python executes statements statement by statement rather than executing all statements at a time.

One more thing: Python is also a dynamically typed language, which means it can understand the type of data entered into a variable.

To learn any programming language, you first need to know how to push the input and deliver the output. In Python, we provide input in two ways: instance and runtime input, and for output, we use the print() function.

for input:

instance way: a=1; b="abc"

runtime: a = input(); b = input())

for output: print (Hello world!")

for comments:

In single-line comments, we use hash (#), e.g., #print.

In multi-line comments, also known as documentation, we use a pair of three double or single quotes. """ print"""

The next step is variable assignment, and its' rules are:

Rules:

  • Variable names can start with an underscore or with an alphabet, either in lower or upper case.

  • A variable should not start with a number or special symbol.

  • A variable name should not contain a space or hyphen.

  • variable name is case-sensitive; for example, a and A were considered as two different variables.

Compared to the C language, datatype specifying is permitted for some variables only, but most of the time it understands the data dynamically.

examples: a = "abc"; b = 12;

a=input() ;b=int(input())

datatype: the type of data that is going to be stored in a variable.

Datatypes in Python are

  • Integer: int

  • Float: float

  • String: str

  • Boolean: bool

  • Complex: complex

  • container datatypes: list, tuple, set, dictionary,frozenset, numpy arrays, etc.

then coming to conditional statements, followed by indentations to differentiate the block of code.

if condition: When a condition is true, statements are executed, and when it is

if (<condition>):

#statements

along with else: when the if condition statement is false, the else block is executed.

if(<condition>):

statements

else:

statements

loops: to repeat the statements, we use loops in Python. We have two types of loops: the for loop and the while loop.

for loop syntax:

for variable_name in sequence:

                                  statements

while loop syntax:

while(<condition>):

statements

functions: it is used for the code reusability. For declaring a function, we use the def keyword.

syntax:

def <function_name>():

                       statements

function_name()

For in-depth explanation, refer to these materials.

unit wise materials: 

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LAB MANUAL:

Lab Manual

 

Monday, October 31, 2022

R20 B.Tech CSE Skill Lab


 R20 B.Tech CSE   Skill Lab

Letslearningcse.blogspot.com welcomes you to enhance your knowledge regarding frontend development using HTML [hypertext markup language] and CSS [cascading style sheets].

Let's get into the topic without delay. Let's dive into the content.

 HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is used to design web pages using a markup language. HTML is a combination of hypertext and markup language. Hypertext defines the link between web pages. A markup language is used to define the text document within the tag, which defines the structure of web pages. Most markup languages (e.g., HTML) are human-readable. The language uses tags to define what manipulation has to be done on the text.

 

HTML code:

Every HTML document that begins with a start tag is <HTML> and terminates with an ending tag is </HTML>.

HTML documents should be saved with the extension.html or.htm. 

A tag is made up of a left operator (<), a right operator (>), and a tag name between these two operators. 

If you forget to mention the right operator (>) or if you give any space between the left operator and the tag name, the browser will not consider it a tag. 

At the same time, if the browser not understand the tag name, it just ignores it, and it won't generate any errors. 

The HTML language is not case-sensitive; hence, users can write the code in either upper case or lower case. There is no difference between  <HTML> and <html> 

Syntax of a tag: 

<Tag name [parameters=value]>

Html uses predefined tags and attributes to tell the browser how to display content, which means in which format, style, font size, and images to display. Html is a case-insensitive language. 

Case-insensitive means there is no difference in upper case and lower case (capital and small letters) being treated as the same; for example, 'D' and 'd' are both the same here. 

 

There are generally two types of tags in HTML: 

  •  Paired Tags: These tags come in pairs. That is, they have both opening(< >) and closing (</ >) tags.
  •  Empty Tags: These tags do not require being closed.

Tags are individuals of HTML structure; we have to open and close any tag with a forward slash like this: <hi> </hi>. There are some variations with the tag; some of them are self-closing tags, which aren't required to close, and some are empty tags where we can add any attributes. 

 HTML text tags

<p>, <hl>>,  <h2>,  <h3>,  <h4>,  <h5>,  <h6>,  <strong>, <em>,  <abbr>, 

<acronym>, 

<address>, <bdo>, <blockquote>, <cite>, <q>, <code>, <ins>, <del>, <dfn>, <kbd>, 

<pre>, 

<samp>, <var> 

Unclosed HTML tags

Some HTML tags are not closed, for example, br and hr. 

<br> Tag: br stands for break line; it breaks the line of the code. 

<hr> Tag: HR stands for Horizontal Rule. This tag is used to put a line across the webpage. 

HTML Link Tags 

 <a> and <base>

HTML Image and Object Tags 

<img>, <area>, <map>, <param>, and <object> 

HTML List Tags 

<ul>, <ol>, <li>, <dl>, <dt>, and <dd> 

HTML Table Tags 

table, tr, td, th, tbody, thead, tfoot, col, colgroup, and caption 

HTML Form Tags form, input, textarea, select, option, optgroup, button, label, fieldset, and legend 

HTML Scripting Tags  script and no script 

Attributes: Attributes are additional properties of html tags that define the properties of any html tags. i.e., width, height, controls, loops, input, and autoplay. These attributes also help us store information in meta tags by using name, content, and type attributes. 

  • Attributes should always be applied with the start tag. 
  • The attribute should always be applied with its name and value pair. 
  • The attribute name and values are case-sensitive, and it is recommended by W3C that they be written in lowercase only. 
  • You can add multiple attributes to one HTML element, but you need to give space between two attributes. 

Syntax: 

<element attribute name="value">content</element>